Updated 1 November 2026
Every number on this site, in one place. Each one comes with the date it was true and where it comes from. When a number is disputed, the note says who disputes it and why.
About Gaza casualty figures: they come from Gaza's Health Ministry, which is part of the Hamas-run government. The UN and most international media use them because they have proven broadly reliable in past wars; Israel says they are inflated and do not separate fighters from civilians. Two independent studies in medical journals estimate that the true death toll is higher, not lower.
about 2.1 million
As of end of 2025
Palestinian official estimate (2,127,034). Before the war it was about 2.2 million. About half are children. Most are descendants of refugees from 1948. No census has been possible since the war began.
365 km² (141 square miles)
About 41 km (25 miles) long and 6 to 12 km (4 to 7.5 miles) wide — roughly twice the size of Washington, D.C. Before the war it was one of the most crowded places on Earth.
about 3.4 million
As of end of 2025
Palestinian official estimate: 3,430,062. About 400,000 of them live in East Jerusalem.
about 5,660 km² (2,185 square miles)
Including East Jerusalem — a little smaller than the US state of Delaware.
about 10.2 million
As of April 2026
10,244,000: about 7.8 million Jews and others (76%), about 2.16 million Arabs (21%) and about 300,000 foreign residents. Israel's official count includes East Jerusalem, the Golan Heights and Israeli settlers in the West Bank.
about 2.2 million (21%)
As of April 2026
About 1.8 million are Arab citizens of Israel; about 400,000 are Palestinians in East Jerusalem, most of whom are residents but not citizens. Most are Muslim; there are also Christians and Druze. Many Arab citizens call themselves Palestinian citizens of Israel. They vote, sit in parliament and serve as judges and doctors; many also say they are treated as second-class citizens, for example over land and housing. (The Palestinian statistics office gives a lower figure, 1.9 million, because it counts East Jerusalem's Palestinians with the West Bank.)
about 20,800 km² (8,000 square miles)
About the size of Wales. About 22,000 km² if East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights are included; Israel annexed them, but most countries do not recognise this.
about 737,000
As of end of 2024
About 504,000 in the West Bank and about 234,000 in East Jerusalem. Settler organisations, using Israel's population register, give a higher West Bank figure (about 529,000 at the start of 2025).
146
As of August 2026
Not counting East Jerusalem. There are also more than 220 'outposts' built without Israeli government approval. Since 2022 the government has decided to create about 100 new settlements, many not yet built.
about 15.5 million
As of end of 2025
Palestinian official estimate: about 5.6 million in the West Bank and Gaza, 1.9 million inside Israel (as Israeli citizens), 6.8 million in Arab countries and 1.3 million elsewhere.
about 6 million
As of 2025
Registered with UNRWA in Jordan, Gaza, the West Bank, Syria and Lebanon. Descendants of the 1948 refugees are also registered. Israel says this keeps the refugee problem alive artificially; UNRWA says the UN treats other long refugee crises the same way.
Area A ≈ 18% · Area B ≈ 22% · Area C ≈ 60%
In place since 1999. Area A: Palestinian Authority runs civil affairs and police (the big cities). Area B: Palestinian civil affairs, Israeli security control. Area C: full Israeli control — this is where the settlements are. Most Palestinians live in Areas A and B.
about 1,200
As of October 2026
About two-thirds were civilians — around 800, including more than 30 children and dozens of foreign workers. The rest were soldiers, police and security guards. Israel first said 1,400, then corrected it in November 2023.
251
As of 7 October 2023
Babies, children, elderly people, soldiers and foreign workers (mostly from Thailand). Some were already dead when taken. Four other Israelis had been held in Gaza since 2014–15.
about 370
As of 2023–2025
Israel Police counted 364; an Israeli army inquiry counted 378, including the area around the site. About 40 people were kidnapped from there.
about 5,000
As of February 2025
According to Israeli army inquiries. In three waves: first more than 1,000 Hamas commando fighters, then fighters from other groups and civilians. Israel says about 1,600 attackers were killed inside Israel. Hamas has given lower numbers.
Casualty numbers in war are always estimates. Here is what each side and independent researchers say.
People killed in each period of the conflict
Palestinians and Israelis killed, by period
| Palestinians | Israelis | |
|---|---|---|
| First intifada, 1987–1993 | ≈1,100 | 160 |
| Second intifada, 2000–2004 | 3,189 | 940 |
| Gaza war, 2008–2009 | ≈1,390 | 13 |
| Gaza war, 2014 | 2,251 | 73 |
| Gaza war, 2021 | 261 | 13 |
| 7 October and the Gaza war, 2023–2026 | 74,564 | ≈1,700 |
105
As of 24 Nov – 1 Dec 2023
81 Israelis (including dual nationals), 23 Thai workers and 1 Filipino. In return Israel freed 240 Palestinian prisoners, mostly women and teenagers.
20
As of 13 October 2025
1,968
As of 13 October 2025
About 250 serving long or life sentences, many for deadly attacks, and about 1,700 people from Gaza detained during the war, most never charged.
8
As of January 2026
Most living hostages came home through negotiated deals, not military rescues.
none
As of 26 January 2026
The remains of the last hostage, police officer Ran Gvili, were recovered on 26 January 2026. All 251 people taken on 7 October are now accounted for: about 166 came home alive and about 85 came back dead — some killed on 7 October, others died in captivity.
74,564
As of 28 October 2026
Figure from Gaza's Health Ministry, which is part of the Hamas-run government. It does not say how many were fighters. The UN uses these figures; Israel disputes them. Two independent studies published in medical journals suggest the real number of deaths is higher, not lower.
175,770
As of 28 October 2026
The World Health Organization estimates that over 43,000 of them have life-changing injuries.
30% children · 15% women · 7% elderly · 48% men
As of 7 October 2026
Health Ministry list: 21,976 children, 11,301 women, 5,405 elderly people and 35,555 men. The category 'men' includes both fighters and civilians.
more than 24,000
As of October 2026
Plus about 1,600 attackers killed inside Israel on 7 October. This is the Israeli army's estimate and cannot be checked independently. Hamas does not publish its own losses.
64,260 deaths from injuries
As of 30 June 2024
Peer-reviewed study, published January 2025. For the same period the Health Ministry had counted about 38,000 deaths, so the study estimated that the ministry's count missed about 41% of deaths from injuries.
about 75,200 violent deaths
As of 5 January 2025
Survey of 2,000 households, published February 2026. For the same period the Health Ministry had counted 49,090 deaths — about a third fewer. About 56% of the dead were women, children or elderly. Israel disputes these estimates.
474
As of 28 October 2026
Israeli army figure, as reported by the UN. 3,004 soldiers were injured.
970
As of 7 October 2026
Including soldiers killed on 7 October and in Lebanon, the West Bank and elsewhere. Israel's Defence Ministry, which also counts police and other security forces, gives a higher total.
about 90% (1.9 million)
As of 2024–2025
Many were displaced again and again — some more than ten times. The World Health Organization said about 1.7 million were still displaced in September 2026.
82%
As of 16 June 2026
Measured from satellite images.
about 77% (371,888 of 485,361)
As of October 2025
19 of 36 — and only partly
As of 24 September 2026
All 36 hospitals have been damaged. Israel says Hamas used some hospitals for military purposes and showed tunnels beneath some of them; Hamas and many medical staff deny this.
about 93%
As of October 2025
3%
As of June 2026
$71.4 billion over 10 years
As of April 2026
Joint estimate by the EU, the UN and the World Bank.
597
As of 28 October 2026
Including 394 staff of UNRWA, the UN agency for Palestinian refugees. The UN says no conflict has ever killed so many of its staff. Israel says some UNRWA staff were members of Hamas; the UN dismissed nine staff after an inquiry in 2024.
189
As of 24 September 2026
Count by the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), which calls this the deadliest conflict for journalists it has ever recorded. Israel says some of those killed were militants; CPJ removed some names after reviewing the evidence.
more than 1,700
As of 2025–2026
Health Ministry figure, repeated by the World Health Organization.
at least 1,760
As of August 2025
UN Human Rights Office count: 994 near the sites of the US- and Israeli-backed Gaza Humanitarian Foundation and 766 along aid convoy routes. The foundation and the Israeli army disputed these figures.
August 2025, in the Gaza City area
As of 22 August 2025
The first famine the IPC has confirmed in the Middle East. Israel rejected the finding. In December 2025 the IPC said famine had been pushed back after the ceasefire, but hunger remained severe.
more than 1.4 million (67%)
As of July 2026
Forecast for July–December 2026. No area is classified as famine. Without aid, about 90% of people would face high levels of hunger.
466, including 157 children
As of 16 October 2026
Not independently verified. Israel denies any policy of starvation and blames Hamas for stealing aid and the UN for failing to distribute it; the UN and aid groups say Israeli restrictions on aid were the main cause.
about 60,000
As of October 2026
UNICEF estimate.
more than 1,500
As of 19 October 2026
Health Ministry figure (1,522), including 351 children according to UNICEF. Israel says it strikes militants who attack its troops or approach its lines; Palestinians and aid groups say many of the dead were civilians.
at least 60%
As of October 2026
The ceasefire line (the 'yellow line') first gave Israel about 53%. It has since moved west several times; estimates range from 60% (UN inquiry) to about two-thirds (Reuters). In May 2026 Prime Minister Netanyahu told the army to expand control to 70%.
about $17 billion
As of 2026
Including $10 billion promised by the United States. Reuters reported in April 2026 that less than $1 billion had actually arrived.
about 157 of 193
As of 2026
The UK, France, Canada, Australia, Portugal, Belgium and others joined in September 2025. The United States, Germany, Italy and Japan have not recognised it. Counts vary slightly by method.
53 of 120
As of 27 October 2026
Down from 68. The opposition parties led by former army chief Gadi Eisenkot won 48 and Arab parties won 19, their highest ever. Nobody has the 61 seats needed to govern; coalition talks were under way.
1,138
As of 6 October 2026
UN figure, including at least 250 children; most were killed by Israeli forces, some by settlers. Israel says most were armed militants or attackers. Over the same period Palestinian attacks killed dozens of Israelis in the West Bank and inside Israel (58 by October 2025, according to the UN).
2,159
As of 1 January – 19 October 2026
About seven a day — a record since the UN began counting in 2006. The previous record was 2025 (1,836 for the whole year).
more than 33,000
As of September 2026
From Jenin, Tulkarm and Nur Shams camps since an Israeli operation began in January 2025. Israel says it is fighting armed groups based in the camps; the UN calls it the largest displacement in the West Bank since 1967.
about 4,000 in Lebanon · about 120 in Israel
As of November 2024
Lebanon's figure (from its Health Ministry) does not separate fighters from civilians. In Israel, 45 civilians and about 75 soldiers were killed. Fighting flared again in 2026.
757,182
As of 1922
Muslims 590,890 (78%), Jews 83,794 (11%), Christians 73,024 (10%), Druze and others about 8,000.
1,035,821
As of 1931
Muslims 759,717 (73%), Jews 174,610 (17%), Christians 91,398 (9%), Druze 9,148.
about 1.85 million
As of end of 1946
About 1.2 million Arabs and 608,000 Jews (about one third). The UN committee's estimate; British estimates counting all Bedouin were higher (1.97 million, of whom 1.36 million Arabs).
Jewish state 56% · Arab state 43% · Jerusalem area 1%
As of 29 November 1947
Much of the proposed Jewish state was the Negev desert. It would have had about 498,000 Jews and 407,000 Arabs. The Arab state would have been almost entirely Arab.
about 6–7%
As of 1945–1947
Of the total land of Mandate Palestine. Much of the rest was owned by Arabs, or was state land or land with unclear ownership. Jews were about one third of the population.
about 700,000–750,000
As of 1949
Estimates range from about 520,000 (early Israeli figures) to over 900,000 (some Palestinian figures). UN bodies counted 711,000–726,000. About 160,000 Arabs stayed in what became Israel and became citizens.
about 400–500
As of 1948
Counts differ by method: Israeli historian Benny Morris counts about 370–390; Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi counts 418 villages; others count over 500 when towns and Bedouin areas are included. Most were later destroyed.
about 850,000
As of 1948–1970s
About 600,000–650,000 settled in Israel; others went to France, the US and elsewhere. Some were expelled, many left under pressure or after violence, some chose to move. Their property was mostly lost.
about 6,000 Israelis; Arab deaths uncertain (roughly 5,000–20,000)
As of 1947–1949
Israel lost about 1% of its Jewish population. Arab losses (Palestinians and soldiers of Arab armies) are much less certain.
about 300,000
As of 1967
Mostly from the West Bank to Jordan. Around 120,000 of them were already refugees from 1948. Estimates range from about 245,000 to 325,000.
about 1,100 Palestinians · 160 Israelis
As of 1993
Palestinians killed by Israeli soldiers and civilians; Israelis (100 civilians, 60 security forces) killed by Palestinians. Several hundred more Palestinians were killed by other Palestinians as suspected collaborators.
about 3,200 Palestinians · 940 Israelis
As of end of 2004
B'Tselem's figures: 3,189 Palestinians and 940 Israelis. Most Israeli deaths were civilians, many killed in suicide bombings; many Palestinian deaths were also civilians.
about 8,500, from 21 settlements
As of August–September 2005
Israel also removed four small settlements in the northern West Bank. The last Israeli soldiers left Gaza on 12 September 2005.
74 of 132
As of 25 January 2006
Fatah won 45. It is the last Palestinian parliamentary election held so far.
about 5,200
As of October 2023
Including about 1,300 held without charge or trial ('administrative detention'). The number roughly doubled during the war.